UIS - Unisys Corp Stock Price, Fair Value and News

5.49USD-0.12 (-2.14%)Market Closed

Market Summary

USD5.49-0.12

Market Closed

-2.14%

UIS Stock Price

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UIS RSI Chart

UIS Valuation

Market Cap

375.6M

Price/Earnings (Trailing)

-0.87

Price/Sales (Trailing)

0.19

EV/EBITDA

-1.66

Price/Free Cashflow

7.1

UIS Price/Sales (Trailing)

UIS Profitability

Operating Margin

27.35%

EBT Margin

-17.26%

Return on Equity

310.69%

Return on Assets

-21.88%

Free Cashflow Yield

14.09%

UIS Fundamentals

UIS Revenue

Revenue (TTM)

2.0B

Rev. Growth (Yr)

0.11%

Rev. Growth (Qtr)

20.02%

UIS Earnings

Earnings (TTM)

-430.0M

Earnings Growth (Yr)

-2.1K%

Earnings Growth (Qtr)

-232%

Breaking Down UIS Revenue

Last 7 days

-2.5%

Last 30 days

13.0%

Last 90 days

-13.3%

Trailing 12 Months

40.8%

How does UIS drawdown profile look like?

UIS Financial Health

Current Ratio

1.49

Debt/Equity

-3.55

Debt/Cashflow

0.15

UIS Investor Care

Shares Dilution (1Y)

0.89%

Diluted EPS (TTM)

-6.32

Historical Charts for Stock Metrics

Get all data in R, Python etc through our Historical Stock Data APIs

Net sales

Year	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
2023	2.0B	2.0B	2.0B	2.0B
2022	2.0B	2.0B	2.0B	2.0B
2021	2.0B	2.1B	2.1B	2.1B
2020	2.2B	2.1B	2.0B	2.0B
2019	2.7B	2.6B	2.4B	2.2B
2018	2.8B	2.8B	2.8B	2.8B
2017	2.8B	2.7B	2.7B	2.7B
2016	3.0B	2.9B	2.9B	2.8B
2015	3.3B	3.3B	3.1B	3.0B
2014	3.4B	3.4B	3.4B	3.4B
2013	3.6B	3.5B	3.4B	3.5B
2012	3.9B	3.9B	3.7B	3.7B
2011	4.0B	3.9B	3.9B	3.9B
2010	4.3B	4.3B	4.1B	4.0B
2009	0	4.8B	4.6B	4.4B
2008	0	0	0	5.0B

Get all data in R, Python etc through our Historical Stock Data APIs

GRUFITY'S FAIR VALUE MODEL

Stocks Marked 'Very Cheap' by Grufity's Fair Value Model Have Outperformed Russell 2000 Index

Small Caps and Mid Caps are mostly overlooked by investors as all the focus goes to Magnificent 7. These stocks that are not part of the beauty contest require a deeper look. However, all large cap stocks were once small caps. Grufity's Fair Value model opens up this unverse as it separates high-performing, rewarding stocks from low-performing risky stocks. <b>Russell 2000 stocks that were marked 'Very Cheap' by the model doubled in three years while the index was flat.</b>

Returns of $10,000 invested in:

Very Cheap Stocks: $21,859
Russell 2000 Index: $10,334
Very Expensive Stocks: $8,224

Russell 2000 stocks considered 'Very Cheap' by the model greatly outperformed Russell 2000 index and the 'Very Expensive' bucket over past three years.

Russell 2000 Index

Very Expensive Stocks

Very Cheap Stocks

Try For Just $1.99

Tracking the Latest Insider Buys and Sells of Unisys Corp

Filter Transactions

Datesorted ascending	Name	Buy/Sell	$ Value	Avg. Price	# Shares	Title
Feb 28, 2024	altabef peter	sold (taxes)	-216,844	5.28	-41,069	ceo
Feb 28, 2024	poggenpohl teresa	sold (taxes)	-23,269	5.28	-4,407	svp & cmo
Feb 28, 2024	ebrahimi katie	sold (taxes)	-21,489	5.28	-4,070	svp & chro
Feb 28, 2024	allen dwayne	sold (taxes)	-16,114	5.28	-3,052	svp & cto
Feb 28, 2024	mccann debra	sold (taxes)	-79,759	5.28	-15,106	evp & cfo
Feb 28, 2024	thomson michael m	sold (taxes)	-163,078	5.28	-30,886	president & coo
Feb 28, 2024	gupta shalabh	sold (taxes)	-16,806	5.28	-3,183	vp, tax & treasurer
Feb 26, 2024	martin paul edward	acquired	-	-	36,037	-
Feb 26, 2024	richardson troy	acquired	-	-	36,037	-
Feb 26, 2024	roberts lee d	acquired	-	-	36,037	-

Which funds bought or sold UIS recently?

View All Details

Datesorted ascending	Fund Name	Type	% Chg	$ Change	$ Held	% Portfolio
Apr 09, 2024	MATHER GROUP, LLC.	new	-	6.00	6.00	-%
Apr 05, 2024	LOS ANGELES CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC	added	4.22	-104,876	1,066,820	-%
Apr 05, 2024	GAMMA Investing LLC	new	-	599	599	-%
Apr 05, 2024	CWM, LLC	added	154	3,000	6,000	-%
Apr 03, 2024	Versant Capital Management, Inc	unchanged	-	-33.00	226	-%
Apr 02, 2024	ST GERMAIN D J CO INC	unchanged	-	-2.00	20.00	-%
Mar 22, 2024	PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.	reduced	-52.68	-236	792	-%
Mar 11, 2024	VANGUARD GROUP INC	added	3.52	14,254,400	35,023,300	-%
Mar 01, 2024	GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC	added	140	10,503,800	14,110,800	-%
Feb 28, 2024	AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL GROUP, INC.	reduced	-0.4	71,257	185,735	-%

Are Funds Buying or Selling UIS?

Are funds buying UIS calls or puts?

Calls

Puts

No. of funds holding Calls - Puts

Net Call Options

No. of funds that own UIS

No. of Funds

Unveiling Unisys Corp's Major ShareHolders

Date Filed	Name of Filer	Percent of Class	No. of Shares	Form Type
Feb 13, 2024	vanguard group inc	9.11%	6,231,910	SC 13G/A
Feb 12, 2024	neuberger berman group llc	7.70%	5,263,503	SC 13G/A
Jan 24, 2024	blackrock inc.	9.1%	6,197,495	SC 13G/A
Jul 10, 2023	fmr llc	-	0	SC 13G/A
Apr 10, 2023	fmr llc	-	0	SC 13G/A
Apr 06, 2023	blackrock inc.	7.7%	5,259,275	SC 13G/A
Feb 10, 2023	neuberger berman group llc	7.37%	4,999,250	SC 13G/A
Feb 09, 2023	fmr llc	-	0	SC 13G/A
Feb 09, 2023	vanguard group inc	11.97%	8,111,780	SC 13G/A
Jan 23, 2023	blackrock inc.	17.2%	11,652,675	SC 13G/A

Recent SEC filings of Unisys Corp

View All Filings

Date Filed	Form Type	Document
Apr 03, 2024	3	Insider Trading
Mar 22, 2024	ARS	ARS
Mar 22, 2024	DEF 14A	DEF 14A
Mar 22, 2024	DEFA14A	DEFA14A
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading
Feb 29, 2024	4	Insider Trading

Peers (Alternatives to Unisys Corp)

Name	Mkt Capsorted ascending	Revenue	Price %, 1M	Returns, 1Y	P/E	P/S	Rev 1-Yr	Inc 1-Yr
LARGE-CAP
ACN	196.8B	64.6B	-16.36%	12.20%	27.98	3.05	2.26%	1.32%
IBM	166.2B	61.9B	-5.13%	41.45%	22.15	2.69	2.20%	357.72%
CTSH	34.1B	19.4B	-9.19%	13.94%	16.02	1.76	-0.39%	-7.16%
CDW	32.4B	21.4B	-1.71%	29.07%	29.33	1.52	-9.99%	-0.92%
BR	23.0B	6.3B	-2.28%	34.76%	33.69	3.65	8.37%	28.40%
MID-CAP
CACI	8.1B	7.1B	-2.13%	18.19%	21.48	1.14	10.03%	3.79%
EXLS	5.0B	1.6B	0.44%	-10.96%	26.93	3.05	15.48%	29.09%
ASGN	4.4B	4.5B	-7.32%	21.65%	20.12	0.99	-2.85%	-18.20%
DXC	3.7B	13.9B	-2.57%	-21.26%	-7.91	0.27	-6.57%	-164.76%
XRX	2.0B	6.9B	-0.49%	12.75%	2.0K	0.3	-3.11%	100.31%
SMALL-CAP
CTG	1.5B	302.0M	32.14%	1270.37%	2.8K	4.93	-16.01%	-96.16%
GDYN	806.8M	312.9M	-15.51%	-14.42%	-457.13	2.58	0.78%	93.96%
CNDT	667.7M	3.7B	-3.05%	-5.64%	-2.26	0.18	-3.53%	-62.64%
DMRC	469.0M	34.9M	-14.72%	29.68%	-10.2	13.46	15.41%	23.14%
CSPI	157.5M	61.7M	-21.23%	10.88%	37.76	2.55	2.22%	29.66%

Unisys Corp News

Latest updates

Unisys Corp Earnings Report: Key Takeaways & Analysis

Income Statement (Last 12 Months)

(In Thousands)

(*) denotes actual numbers (not divided by Thousands)
Income Statement (Quarterly)																					(In Thousands)
Description	(%) Q/Q	2023Q4	2023Q3	2023Q2	2023Q1	2022Q4	2022Q3	2022Q2	2022Q1	2021Q4	2021Q3	2021Q2	2021Q1	2020Q4	2020Q3	2020Q2	2020Q1	2019Q4	2019Q3	2019Q2	2019Q1	2018Q4
Revenue	20.0%	558	465	477	516	557	461	515	447	539	488	517	510	577	495	439	515	547	552	569	555	761
Cost Of Revenue	1.9%	376	369	361	357	367	357	367	359	376	361	375	371	402	375	364	402	431	412	417	429	111
Costs and Expenses	6.6%	514	482	477	467	507	469	481	470	495	463	477	466	529	468	447	495	537	503	516	529	187
S&GA Expenses	19.3%	129	108	110	103	133	106	110	104	110	95.00	95.00	90.00	117	86.00	80.00	87.00	97.00	85.00	92.00	91.00	66.00
R&D Expenses	90.7%	8.00	4.00	5.00	6.00	7.00	6.00	5.00	7.00	9.00	7.00	7.00	6.00	11.00	7.00	3.00	6.00	9.00	6.00	7.00	9.00	10.00
EBITDA Margin	-164.8%	-0.14*	-0.05*	-0.06*	-0.04*	0.01*	-0.07*	-0.05*	-0.15*	-0.19*	-0.21*	-0.21*	-0.16*	-0.11*	-0.04*	-0.04*	0.01*	0.02*	0.04*	0.06*	-	-
Interest Expenses	1.3%	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	9.00	8.00	10.00	8.00	2.00	5.00	14.00	15.00	15.00	16.00	16.00	16.00
Income Taxes	15.7%	24.00	20.00	15.00	20.00	17.00	1.00	20.00	4.00	22.00	11.00	-53.10	8.00	19.00	6.00	10.00	11.00	4.00	10.00	4.00	9.00	-4.40
Earnings Before Taxes	-393.3%	-140	-28.50	-24.10	-154	26.00	-39.20	4.00	-52.90	-109	-7.60	-195	-149	-155	-7.20	-66.80	-41.90	-32.80	-15.00	8.00	-20.70	38.00
EBT Margin	-91.9%	-0.17*	-0.09*	-0.10*	-0.08*	-0.03*	-0.10*	-0.08*	-0.18*	-0.22*	-0.24*	-0.24*	-0.19*	-0.13*	-0.07*	-0.08*	-0.04*	-0.03*	0.00*	0.02*	-	-
Net Income	-232.0%	-166	-50.00	-39.50	-174	8.00	-40.10	-16.80	-57.00	-130	-18.70	-142	-157	-173	-12.90	-78.60	1,016	-10.80	-13.20	26.00	-19.40	25.00
Net Income Margin	-68.1%	-0.21*	-0.13*	-0.12*	-0.11*	-0.05*	-0.12*	-0.11*	-0.18*	-0.22*	-0.23*	-0.23*	-0.21*	0.37*	0.46*	0.44*	0.47*	-0.01*	0.01*	0.01*	-	-
Free Cashflow	325.0%	17.00	-7.60	38.00	6.00	25.00	37.00	-42.50	-38.20	60.00	58.00	35.00	-48.00	-366	60.00	-19.20	-383	117	9.00	41.00	-	-

Balance Sheet

(In Millions)

(*) denotes actual numbers (not divided by Millions)
Balance Sheet																					(In Millions)
Description	(%) Q/Q	2023Q4	2023Q3	2023Q2	2023Q1	2022Q4	2022Q3	2022Q2	2022Q1	2021Q4	2021Q3	2021Q2	2021Q1	2020Q4	2020Q3	2020Q2	2020Q1	2019Q4	2019Q3	2019Q2	2019Q1	2018Q4
Assets	-0.3%	1,965	1,971	2,033	2,066	2,066	2,058	2,154	2,277	2,420	2,321	2,376	2,457	2,708	2,407	2,399	2,972	2,504	2,406	2,508	2,485	2,458
Current Assets	8.9%	971	892	951	978	930	878	954	1,022	1,133	1,125	1,146	1,281	1,506	1,303	1,320	1,883	1,221	1,119	1,206	1,207	1,301
Cash Equivalents	0.7%	388	385	423	392	392	365	389	501	561	625	606	727	907	784	792	1,288	552	433	518	517	624
Inventory	-1.9%	15.00	16.00	21.00	16.00	15.00	12.00	13.00	13.00	8.00	11.00	6.00	10.00	13.00	15.00	15.00	-	16.00	-	-	-	-
Net PPE	-9.3%	64.00	71.00	74.00	73.00	76.00	78.00	81.00	82.00	87.00	86.00	107	107	111	107	109	111	116	122	124	123	112
Goodwill	0.1%	287	287	287	287	287	286	287	315	315	243	226	109	109	109	109	109	110	176	178	178	111
Current Liabilities	1.7%	651	640	641	653	651	642	646	691	753	662	679	730	935	753	793	1,311	927	853	872	862	923
Long Term Debt	0.9%	491	487	489	490	496	498	502	505	511	514	518	521	527	48.00	47.00	47.00	566	564	669	667	643
Shareholder's Equity	-	-	-	49.00	54.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retained Earnings	-9.3%	-1,945	-1,780	-1,730	-1,690	-1,515	-1,523	-1,483	-1,466	-1,409	-1,277	-1,259	-1,118	-960	-787	-774	-695	-1,711	-1,700	-1,687	-1,713	-1,694
Additional Paid-In Capital	0.1%	4,750	4,746	4,740	4,736	4,732	4,727	4,722	4,717	4,711	4,703	4,698	4,693	4,657	4,654	4,650	4,647	4,643	4,640	4,546	4,544	4,540
Accumulated Depreciation	0.5%	332	331	333	325	335	359	382	393	382	530	606	598	617	649	653	648	668	677	690	684	679
Shares Outstanding	-100.0%	-	68.00	68.00	68.00	-	68.00	68.00	68.00	-	67.00	67.00	67.00	-	63.00	63.00	63.00	-	62.00	52.00	52.00	-
Minority Interest	-65.3%	13.00	39.00	38.00	37.00	37.00	49.00	49.00	48.00	49.00	44.00	45.00	46.00	45.00	38.00	36.00	35.00	37.00	50.00	47.00	44.00	44.00
Float	-	-	-	263	-	-	-	796	-	-	-	1,700	-	-	-	671	-	-	-	492	-	-

Cashflow (Last 12 Months)

(In Thousands)

Cashflow (Quarterly)																					(In Thousands)
Description	(%) Q/Q	2023Q4	2023Q3	2023Q2	2023Q1	2022Q4	2022Q3	2022Q2	2022Q1	2021Q4	2021Q3	2021Q2	2021Q1	2020Q4	2020Q3	2020Q2	2020Q1	2019Q4	2019Q3	2019Q2	2019Q1	2018Q4
Cashflow From Operations	661.0%	23,000	-4,100	42,500	12,800	34,900	44,500	-33,700	-33,000	68,000	65,500	41,900	-42,900	-355,400	66,300	-14,200	-377,900	125,700	17,700	50,900	-70,400	151,300
Share Based Compensation	7.5%	4,300	4,000	4,200	4,700	4,800	4,900	3,700	6,600	7,300	4,500	3,700	3,300	3,400	3,100	2,900	5,100	3,100	2,800	2,600	4,700	3,200
Cashflow From Investing	-2.2%	-23,300	-22,800	-12,000	-11,500	-7,000	-50,000	-52,700	-21,700	-124,300	-34,300	-167,800	-33,900	-14,200	-19,700	-18,300	1,093,800	-16,500	-40,600	-49,200	-51,900	-59,100
Cashflow From Financing	-3.2%	-3,200	-3,100	-3,400	-7,600	-3,200	-3,400	-3,800	-11,200	-4,700	-2,900	-3,100	-94,800	477,500	-59,900	-463,300	50,800	-700	-50,400	-1,500	14,600	-400

UIS Income Statement

2023-12-31

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue	$ 2,015.4	$ 1,979.9	$ 2,054.4
Costs and expenses
Cost of revenue	1,464.1	1,450.3	1,482.4
Selling, general and administrative	450.3	453.2	389.5
Research and development	24.1	24.2	28.5
Costs and expenses	1,938.5	1,927.7	1,900.4
Operating income	76.9	52.2	154.0
Interest expense	30.8	32.4	35.4
Other (expense), net	(393.9)	(82.4)	(580.3)
Loss before income taxes	(347.8)	(62.6)	(461.7)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	79.3	42.3	(11.9)
Consolidated net loss	(427.1)	(104.9)	(449.8)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	3.6	1.1	(1.3)
Net loss attributable to Unisys Corporation	$ (430.7)	$ (106.0)	$ (448.5)
Loss per share attributable to Unisys Corporation
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (6.31)	$ (1.57)	$ (6.75)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (6.31)	$ (1.57)	$ (6.75)
Services
Revenue	$ 1,665.9	$ 1,597.3	$ 1,699.3
Costs and expenses
Cost of revenue	1,282.4	1,285.9	1,358.7
Technology
Revenue	349.5	382.6	355.1
Costs and expenses
Cost of revenue	$ 181.7	$ 164.4	$ 123.7

UIS Balance Sheet

2023-12-31

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 387.7	$ 391.8
Accounts receivable, net	454.5	402.5
Contract assets	11.7	28.9
Inventories	15.3	14.9
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	101.8	92.3
Total current assets	971.0	930.4
Properties	396.4	410.8
Less – Accumulated depreciation and amortization	332.1	334.9
Properties, net	64.3	75.9
Outsourcing assets, net	31.6	66.4
Marketable software, net	166.2	165.1
Operating lease right-of-use assets	35.4	42.5
Prepaid postretirement assets	38.0	119.5
Deferred income taxes	114.0	118.6
Goodwill	287.4	287.1
Intangible assets, net	42.7	52.4
Restricted cash	9.0	10.9
Assets held-for-sale	4.9	6.4
Other long-term assets	200.9	190.4
Total assets	1,965.4	2,065.6
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	13.0	17.4
Accounts payable	130.9	160.8
Deferred revenue	198.6	200.7
Other accrued liabilities	308.4	271.6
Total current liabilities	650.9	650.5
Long-term debt	491.2	495.7
Long-term postretirement liabilities	787.7	714.6
Long-term deferred revenue	104.4	122.3
Long-term operating lease liabilities	25.6	29.7
Other long-term liabilities	44.0	31.0
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 18)
(Deficit) equity:
Common stock, par value $.01 per share (150.0 shares authorized; shares issued: 2023, 74.0 and 2022, 73.3)	0.7	0.7
Accumulated deficit	(1,945.7)	(1,515.0)
Treasury stock, shares at cost: 2023, 5.6 and 2022, 5.5	(156.4)	(156.0)
Paid-in capital	4,749.9	4,731.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,800.3)	(3,076.0)
Total Unisys Corporation stockholders' deficit	(151.8)	(14.7)
Noncontrolling interests	13.4	36.5
Total (deficit) equity	(138.4)	21.8
Total liabilities and (deficit) equity	$ 1,965.4	$ 2,065.6

About Unisys Corp

Unisys Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, operates as an information technology solutions company in the United States and internationally. It operates in Digital Workplace Solutions (DWS); Cloud, Applications and Infrastructure Solutions (CA&I); and Enterprise Computing Solutions (ECS) segments. The DWS segment provides modern and traditional workplace solutions. The CA&I segment offers solutions for modern applications, data and analytics, cloud management, hybrid infrastructure, and cyber security; design, implementation, monitoring, automation, and management of dedicated on-premises or hosted infrastructure. The ECS segment provides solutions that harness secure, continuous high-intensity computing, and enable digital services through software-defined operating environments. It also offers proprietary platforms, and enterprise software and technology products, including Unisys InteliServe, PowerSuite, CloudForte, ClearPath Forward, and Unisys Stealth. The company serves customers in the travel and transportation, financial services, energy, and healthcare markets. Unisys Corporation was founded in 1886 and is based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania.

CEO	Mr. Peter A. Altabef
WEBSITE	unisys.com
INDUSTRY	IT Services
EMPLOYEES	16200

Unisys Corp Frequently Asked Questions

What is the ticker symbol for Unisys Corp? What does UIS stand for in stocks?

UIS is the stock ticker symbol of Unisys Corp. Every public company that trades on a stock exchange gets a ticker symbol.

What is the market capital of Unisys Corp (UIS)?

As of Mon Apr 15 2024, market cap of Unisys Corp is 375.57 Million. The market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the stock price with the number of shares outstanding.

What is the fair value of UIS stock?

You can check UIS's fair value in chart for subscribers.

What is the fair value of UIS stock?

You can check UIS's fair value in chart for subscribers. The fair value of Unisys Corp is provided for various growth and macro-economic scenarios from very pessimiatic to very optimistic assumptions. These fair values are estimates from Grufity's Fair Value model based on company's past performance. However, past performance of Unisys Corp is no guarantee of future performance. These fairvalue estimates should only be used as one of the inputs in your stock analysis. We provide model's historical fair value estimates for UIS so that you know how good or bad the model has been in the past so you can discard it if needed. There are others that provide fair values of stocks such as wallmine, finbox, gurufocus and finviz. Most provide point in time estimates. We provide a history of our models fair value estimates so that you can get a sense of it's usefulness. Otherwise this data point is of little use.

Is Unisys Corp a good stock to buy?

The fair value guage provides a quick view whether UIS is over valued or under valued. Whether Unisys Corp is cheap or expensive depends on the assumptions which impact Unisys Corp's fair value. We provide several scenarios of inflation and growth to encompass these range of assumptions for UIS.

What is Unisys Corp's Price to Earnings (PE) and Price to sales (PS) ratio?

As of Mon Apr 15 2024, UIS's PE ratio (Price to Earnings) is -0.87 and Price to Sales (PS) ratio is 0.19. The price to earnings and price to sales ratio are two most important valuation metrics for any company. PE ratio tell us the number of years of earnings investors are ready to pay for owning the company. Historically, S&P500 price to earnings ratio has fallen below 12 during periods of gloom and gone past 30 during periods of euphoria. UIS PE ratio will change depending on the future growth rate expectations of investors.

What is 5 year return on Unisys Corp's stock?

In the past 10 years, Unisys Corp has provided -0.153 (multiply by 100 for percentage) rate of return.